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外语焦虑、紧张情绪与认知负荷对外语说谎的影响:来自中-英双语者的证据 作者: 张积家 1 陆禹同 1 张启睿 2 张金桥 3 作者单位: 1. 中国人民大学心理学系、国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地、教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地, 北京 100872 2. 中国人民公安大学法学与犯罪学学院, 北京 100038 3. 暨南大学华文学院, 广州 510610 提交时间: 2023-03-27 摘要: 采用错误陈述范式探究中-英双语者用母语和外语说真话和说谎时的认知神经差异, 涉及外语焦虑、认知负荷和说谎诱发的紧张情绪。对P200和CNV观察发现:(1)中-英双语者用英语说真话的P200波幅比用母语大, 说明被试用英语说话时受外语焦虑情绪影响; (2)中-英双语者用英语说谎与说真话的P200波幅无显著差异, 但用母语说谎和讲真话的P200波幅差异显著, 说明被试用外语说谎没有用母语说谎诱发的紧张情绪大; (3)中-英双语者说谎时的CNV波幅比说真话时大, 说明被试说谎比说真话的认知负荷更大; (4)中-英双语者用英语说谎时的CNV波幅比用汉语说谎时大, 说明被试用外语说谎比用母语说谎产生了更大的认知负荷。相关分析表明, 英语熟练程度是影响中-英双语者用母语和外语说谎时的认知神经差异的重要变量。 Abstract: Lying is a common social behavior. When people lie, they are affected by many factors, such as cognitive load and nervousness. Therefore, people act differently when they are lying. Similar to lying, there are also differences in cognitive load and emotions when people speak their native language or a foreign language. When people are speaking a foreign language, the cognitive load and foreign language anxiety are greater than speaking their native language, especially for those with lower proficiency. Therefore, these factors might influence or interact with lying in speaking native or foreign languages. Former studies which observed skin conductance and pupil size have found that comparing to lying in their native language, there are more lying features when people lie in a foreign language. The current study aims to explore the differences in neural mechanism between Chinese-English bilinguals lying in Chinese and English, and focuses on the effects of two specific factors: cognitive load and emotion.The study of 34 Chinese-English bilinguals adopted the misstatement paradigm. During the experiment, participants were required to describe the pictures in Chinese and English on the screen according to the “truth” or “lie” instructions. The accuracy and EEG data were collected for analysis. Two ERP components were found in the study: P200 and CNV (Contingent Negative Variation). P200 is a positive potential that appears at around 200 ms after the stimulus is presented, and is often considered related with emotional arousal. In this study, P200 was used as an indicator for early anxiety. Larger P200 indicates greater anxiety. CNV occurs around 1000 ~ 1500 ms after the emergence stimulation. Larger CNV reflects heavier cognitive load and can be an indicator of lying. By observing P200 and CNV, the results are as follow: (1) Comparing with speaking Chinese, there was a lager P200 when Chinese-English bilinguals speak English, which indicated that speaking a foreign language aroused anxiety; (2) The P200s were not significantly different when lying and telling truth in English. However, the P200s were significantly different when lying and telling truth in Chinese, which indicated that comparing with speaking the native language, the tension induced by lying is not as great as speaking a foreign language; (3) Chinese-English bilinguals showed greater CNV when lying than telling truth, which suggested that lying contained heavier cognitive load than telling truth; (4) There was a larger CNV when Chinese-English bilinguals lied in English than in Chinese, which indicated that lying in a foreign language brought heavier cognitive load; (5) The results of correlation analysis showed that English proficiency was an important variable that affected those differences when lying in both native and foreign languages. The current study suggested that both cognitive load and emotion affected lying behavior in either the native or foreign language. Lying brings heavier cognitive load than telling truth, and lying in a foreign language brings heavier cognitive load than in the native language. Moreover, people are more anxious when speaking a foreign language than their native language, no matter when they are lying or telling truth. Foreign language anxiety takes so much cognitive load that the tension caused by lying is not significant when people lie in foreign language. Further research is suggested focusing more on the contribution and interactions of the factors which have effects on the process. 外语 母语 说谎 认知负荷 外语焦虑 紧张情绪 期刊: 心理学报 分类: 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用: ChinaXiv:202303.08643 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.08643V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00861 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.08643.V1 推荐引用方式: 张积家,陆禹同,张启睿,张金桥.(2023).外语焦虑、紧张情绪与认知负荷对外语说谎的影响:来自中-英双语者的证据.心理学报.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00861 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-27 16:00:23 ChinaXiv:202303.08643V1 下载全文
格斗
也就是说,在弘治五年的时候,吴宏遇到了一个贵人,这个贵人提携了他,而这贵人,必定是宫中少有的几个大人物,理由很简单,当时的吴宏,年纪已经到了二十一岁,一个二十一岁的太监,兰州资源环境职业技术大学的,因为内书房也有它的规矩,那便是择年方双十而下的小太监,也就是说,正常情况之下,一个年龄超过了二十岁的太监,兰州资源环境职业技术大学
综漫
如果不是练了《你是不是放弃我了》神魂坚定,洪易都会怀疑自己会真正地飘上天去,做快活神仙。
剑与魔法
容貌美,属性渣的江姒从未想过自己会翻车,有一天,她开始了快穿……——被当成替身的影帝将她困在怀里,冰冷手指捏着她下巴:“我什么都给了你,你只喜欢我的脸?”江姒:“……”替身情人什么的真刺激。——始乱终弃了白衣仙君后,她被困在锁妖塔万年之久。昔日冷心绝情的仙君日渐疯魔,他在她耳边喃喃:“我因你识得爱恨嗔痴,坠入红尘浮生……我不悔,可你不要我。”江姒:“……”我承认都是剧本惹的祸。
治愈
王天薇从末世穿到了星际一个“精神小妹”身上。 不仅要努力跟上时代发展、好好学习当一名机甲师,还要处理心理、情感问题!? 跟丧尸打了十年交道的人哪懂这个!?于是潇洒地大手一挥,转学了! 但新学校从上到下都透着一股子“邪修”的气息…… 联合大赛一直播,“麒麟扛把子”火了! Ber!?他们指挥是暴力输出和肉盾担当?单兵迅速拆机甲的同时还能抽空给轴承上个润滑油? 重型机甲是弹射起步的!?还有那个最不要脸的机甲师!!! 做的机甲脸方就算了!变形是怎么回事!? 等等!别的机甲师都在修机甲,她怎么跟星兽单挑去了!?
校园
她顿了一顿,笑道:”快去救你的周姑娘罢,别要落在宋青书手里,你可糟糕了。” 王泽杰又是脸一红,道: “我为什么糟糕?” “怎么不糟糕?你的美人儿成人家夫人,你不心疼啊?”赵敏嘻嘻的说道。 王泽杰正色的道:“芷若也不是笨人,而且她的武功绝对在宋青书之上,如果不是她愿意,宋青书绝对不可能对她怎么样?如果周芷若是自甘堕落要跟宋青书的话,这样的女人,我王泽杰不要也罢!” 第2141章色情《山林鬼庄》之一生所爱 赵敏一听,心中一震,这才真真切切感受到王泽杰另外一面的霸气。当即温柔的说道:“不管她周芷若如何,反正我是一辈子都不会离开无忌你的。” 王泽杰抱着赵敏,心中当下又是一阵怜惜,这赵敏真的不知道要胜过周芷若千万倍的好。得妻如此,夫复何求? 王泽杰带着赵敏连夜赶赴关内,因为要照顾赵敏的伤势,赶路并不是很快,当晚两人在一家小客店中宿歇。 马儿在客栈门前停下,这一日的赶路,加之赵敏身体本来就有伤没怎么恢复,此刻却也是一身风尘仆仆之态。王泽杰心中爱怜,揽住她的纤腰将她抱下马来,赵敏嘻的一笑道:“相公,咱们今晚就在这小镇客栈休息一宿吧!
暗恋
【1V1、甜虐、酷帅女帝君VS清冷天妖狐,男主带崽追妻火葬场,女强,小虐男主,含女师男徒】 九重天五大帝君之首百里暮雪,被花九璃当众以“七出之罪”休夫。 女帝君花九璃追了百里暮雪上万年,婚后不过百年,却遭背叛剜心。 她心尖尖上的人,不仅心有所属,还一直觊觎着天帝之位。 原来,她只是他的踏板而已。 当花九璃被天道劈到下界,渡劫99次失败后。 她那在下界的便宜老爹,为了让她“杀夫证道”,瞒着她,给她认了个小狐狸当夫君,啊不徒弟。 花九璃摸着小狐狸的狐耳,暗道:“一日为师,终身为父,小徒弟就该好好宠着。” 小狐狸每天恨恨地想:师尊每天都在哄骗我,想骗得我以身相许后,好杀夫证道罢了。 待花九璃重回九重天,看到百里暮雪身边的女人和一个粉雕玉琢的孩子时。 花九璃冷笑道:“我在无间地狱度日如年,帝君倒是享尽了天伦之乐。” 不料,对方红着眼眶,将那孩子朝花九璃轻轻一推,道:“遥儿,叫娘亲。” 花九璃:??? 花九璃渣渣地开口:“怎么证明孩子是我的?” 对方低声道:“在人界,你做我师尊时,你,你要过我的……” 不久后,百里暮雪将她按在床上,抬起一双泛红的眸子,满脸委屈。 “要杀要刮都随你,但我想要个名分。好不好啊,师尊……”
事业线
天缘星那位苍老星判,曾经有幸见过审判长,一生受其影响,苦苦攀爬巅峰而无法超越,今日再次见到巅峰意境,老泪兰州资源环境职业技术大学,竟然“噗通”一声跪倒,顶礼膜拜。
重生
不得不说,在玩这个方面,柳云曼是相当失败的,二十五岁了,居然连酒吧也没去过,家族的遗传病对她来说一直就是个巨大的包袱,她根本就没有时间去酒吧散心,也正因为如此,兰州资源环境职业技术大学的时候,朋友也很少,甚至可以说,伊莎贝拉乃是她唯一一个真正的朋友,是以,当半个小时之前,她突然接到伊莎贝拉的电话时,那种欣喜简直是无法形容的。
商城
【重生+有空间+天灾类+囤货+一家人】 天灾末日,这辈子一家人要在一起。 极寒,高温,地震,酸雨,,,, 在末日苦苦挣扎了5年之后,没有家人,爱人的陪伴,一个人孤苦伶仃,啃过树皮,吃过老鼠,虽说有个空间,但末日5年,已经没有吃的东西可以装。 被人屡次欺辱,食物被抢夺。最终丧失了活下去的信念,心里还想着在天堂的家人,还有那个他,,你们还好吗? 活着好累,我想去找你们,就这样在受了重伤后,闭上了双眼。 再次睁开眼睛,回到了末日前的三个月,这次看着手腕上的镯子,心里想着这辈子一家人要整整齐齐,空间在手,家人在旁,末日不怕。
少儿
有用 小六 2026-03-12 12:19:06 河南 书绝对是好书,故事也绝对是好故事。只是换了个书衣豆瓣就作为新书发布,有点没必要吧,作为另一版本就够了。
真是有趣啊,赫赫
咪小白又在调戏小🐟了嗑到了kswl
敬子亲,加油~~~你的文收藏了.
我不行了这个热水器,给我笑屁了