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歌词对音乐情绪加工的影响：行为与ERP研究 作者： 张伟霞 1 王莞琪 2 周临舒 3 蒋存梅 3 作者单位： 1. 上海师范大学教育学院 2. 上海师范大学商学院 3. 上海师范大学音乐学院, 上海 200234 提交时间： 2023-03-27 摘要: 本研究探讨了歌词对音乐情绪加工的影响。实验1使用情感启动范式, 带有歌词与无歌词音乐片段为启动刺激, 与音乐情绪一致或不一致的面孔图片为目标刺激, 被试任务是既快又准确地判断目标面孔的情绪。结果显示, 无论音乐是否带有歌词, 听者在一致条件下的反应都比不一致条件更快更准确, 这表明听者能加工音乐传达的情绪信息。实验2进一步通过电生理手段探讨歌词影响音乐情绪加工的神经机制。研究结果显示, 尽管听者对带有歌词和无歌词音乐情绪的加工都产生了启动效应, 但是无歌词音乐条件在250~450 ms时间窗口产生了N400效应, 而带有歌词音乐条件在500~700 ms时间窗口诱发了LPC效应, 该结果表明, 歌词影响了大脑加工音乐情绪的时间进程。本研究结果将在一定程度上为音乐与语言关系的探究提供依据。 Abstract: Music and language are unique to the human beings. It has been suggested that music and language have a common origin as an emotional protolanguage. The development of socialisation has resulted in the development of language into a symbolic communication system with explicit semantics. By contrast, music has become an important means of emotional expression. However, whether language with explicit semantics affects the emotional processing of music remains uncertain. Given that songs contain melody and lyrics, previous behavioural studies have focused on songs to analyse the influence of lyrics on the processing of musical emotion. However, several studies have also shown the influence of lyrics, although such findings are relatively contradictory.Thus, the current study used behavioural and electrophysiological measurements to investigate the impact of lyrics on the processing of musical emotion. Experiment 1 analysed whether the emotional connotations in music with and without lyrics could be perceived by listeners at the behavioural level. Experiment 2 further investigated whether there are different neural responses to emotions conveyed by melodies with and without lyrics.A cross-modal affective priming paradigm was used in Experiments 1 and 2, in which musical excerpts served as the prime and emotional faces as target. To avoid the impact of familiarity, 120 musical stimuli were selected from European opera. Each was sung by a vocalist with and without lyrics, thereby resulting in 240 musical stimuli in two versions as potential prime stimuli. A total of 160 facial expressions affectively congruent or incongruent with the preceding musical stimuli were selected as potential target stimuli. Three pre-tests were conducted to ensure the validity of the stimuli. Eventually, 60 musical stimuli for each music version were selected as the prime stimuli, whilst 120 images were used as the target stimuli, thereby resulting in 240 music-image pairs. To ensure that each stimulus appears only once for each participant, two lists were prepared using a Latin square design. Each prime and target was presented in either the congruent or incongruent condition within each list. Thus, each list comprised 120 trials, with 30 trials in each condition. During the experiment, the two lists were equally distributed across the participants. A total of 40 healthy adults participated in Experiment 1. They were asked to judge as quickly and accurately as possible whether the emotion of the target was happy or sad. The accuracy and reaction time were collected. Meanwhile, 20 healthy adults participated in Experiment 2. They were required to judge whether the emotion between music and image was congruent or incongruent whilst their EEG waveforms were recorded. ERPs were analysed and compared between conditions at the time windows of 250~450 ms and 500~700 ms after the onset of the target.The Experiment 1 results showed that when faces were primed by music either with or without lyrics, the participants responded faster and more accurately under affectively congruent condition compared with affectively incongruent condition. This finding indicated that the emotional connotations in music with and without lyrics could both be perceived. The ERP results in Experiment 2 showed that distinct neural mechanisms were activated by music with and without lyrics. Specifically, when faces were primed by music without lyrics, a larger N400 was elicited in response to affectively incongruent pairs than to affectively congruent pairs at the time window of 250~450 ms. However, when faces were primed by music with lyrics, a more positive LPC was observed in response to the affectively incongruent pairs than to the affectively congruent pairs at 500~700 ms. This finding confirms the results of Experiment 1, thereby suggesting that the emotion conveyed by music with and without lyrics could be perceived by the listeners. Moreover, the emotional processing between music with and without lyrics differs in the time course of neural processing. That is, the emotional processing of music with lyrics lagged behind that of music without lyrics.In conclusion, the present results suggest that the neural processing of emotional connotations in music without lyrics preceded that of music with lyrics, although the emotional connotations conveyed by music with and without lyrics could both be perceived. These findings also supported theory of musical philosophy, which suggests that music without lyrics can express emotion more immediately and more directly than music with lyrics owing to the lack of “translation” from the propositional system. On the other hand, considering that lyrics influenced the time course of emotional processing in music with lyrics, our results also provide evidence that the emotional processing of music and language may share neural resources to some extent. 音乐情绪 语言 歌词 N400 LPC 期刊： 心理学报 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.08577 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.08577V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01346 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.08577.V1 推荐引用方式： 张伟霞,王莞琪,周临舒,蒋存梅.(2023).歌词对音乐情绪加工的影响：行为与ERP研究.心理学报.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01346 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-27 16:00:26 ChinaXiv:202303.08577V1 下载全文

要是连心都沉陷进去……王泽杰志得意满的拨弄了一下挺直高耸的大肉棒，冲着脸色吓得发白的极品天仙美人道：“亲爱的美人儿姐姐，大爷我这根棒子很漂亮吧，嘿嘿，马上就会让你亲身体验一番的！” 经历过的女人越来越多，王泽杰对自己这根棒子的信心十足，变得也有些变态般的自恋起来。 说完这番话，王泽杰把刘亦菲转过来背对着自己，使得她原本就浑圆紧实的美臀更加的挺翘诱人。 一手扶着刘亦菲的纤腰，一手又开始轻轻的拍打着她肥美动人的大屁股，压得她娇媚苍白的脸庞贴着放在草地上的衣服，双手死死的撑着草地，不让负重的一对奶子被压扁。 王泽杰嘿然一笑，粗长的大肉棒缓缓的抵住了天仙美女岔开的美腿间暴露出来的娇嫩嫩屄儿口，轻轻的用龟头碾磨了一番，把整个龟头都沾染上淫湿的蜜液，终于准备发出进攻前的宣言： “亲爱的美人儿姐姐，你要好好的感受清楚哦，相公我就要插进来啦！” 第2145章色情《再战天魔大帝》之杨妙可激情2 “啊！不要……求你了，我不想要啊……拜托，快点把你的东西拿开呀……” 感觉到自己即将被插入，火热的龟头已经降临在小嫩屄门口，刘亦菲一下子清醒了不少，连忙大声呼喊挣扎起来。

【全民御兽+捡漏+抽象+猎奇+末世+日常+成长流+现实向+非爽文】 灵气复苏，低智动物接连进化，凶猛残暴，民不聊生。 世界多出了一种职业，御兽师。 齐绪在灵气复苏的当天，一颗诡异的种子钻进他空旷的眼眶中，化为魔眼。 开启洞悉万物的魔眼，可以看穿所有凶兽的面板属性，进化方向，隐性血脉，突变概率…… —— 又名《在御兽的世界当金牌教师》，《别人御兽我御天才》 ———— 九重世界系列文：第二层《建功立业》

早期印刷的《宴会之上》是带标点符号的，而且它分段落和章节。

乘其他人因为震惊而出现的短暂慌乱，陶勋瞬移到另一个小剑阵旁，全力运剑击刺过去，剑光之外附着一层淡淡的白光，这便是《因为遇到了一位高人》里的“度灭亟光”，威力奇大无比。他的剑光穿过小剑阵的防护圈就象烧红的铁剑穿过一张薄薄的纸片般容易，剑阵里的七个人登时死四个、重伤两个、轻伤一个。 下一刻，陶勋出现在最远端的小剑阵旁，结阵的人绝没有想到他舍近求远而且来得这么突然，没有来得及做出反应就被他一击而穿，七个人只剩一个逃出生天。剩下的两个小剑阵已经发现了陶勋的身影，顾不上去救援同伴，靠在一起互为倚靠专心防守，防护力量增强数倍，正好抵挡住陶勋的新一轮进攻。 天心剑劈过去将小剑阵形成的防护光圈击散掉很大一块，陶勋感觉比七阵合一的大剑阵差远了，显然对方只有组成大阵才能对他构成威胁，分散开显得不堪一击。他心里头不由得振奋起来，手上的天心剑疾风暴雨般攻过去。 不过大出意料的是看起来不堪一击的两个小剑阵此刻却爆发出极为顽强的生命力，在他狂风暴雨般的重击之下固然呈现出不支的状况却始终没有破散。 陶勋连击了三十余剑，忽然从对方头目的嘴角看到一丝得意的笑意，他马上意识到不妥，对方明显是拖延时间，莫非对方也是声东击西？他心头一紧，扬手抛出一件仙器后头也不回地往丁柔遁走的方向飞去。

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总裁我想给你生包子是(公子寻欢)新书,这是一个现代人回到古代，回到一个完全没有任何超凡的真实世界，靠着将一切数据属性化的异能，慢慢崛起的故事。 精彩尽在总裁我想给你生包子

简介：王骁穿越汉末，获得无双谋士系统，但奖励却是武力值拉满，并且还要他成为一名谋士才能永久获得。 无奈之下王骁只能来到曹操这里，应聘谋士，但上岗第一天就当着曹操的面把典韦给暴打了一顿。 典韦：“我有想过自己会输，但我没想过我会输给一个谋士！” 吕布：“曹操麾下当真是没人了，居然让一个谋士出战……卧槽！锤下留人，吕布愿降！” 关羽：“王先生请你站起来一下，很好，在座的诸位都不过是插标卖首！” 曹操：“所以你就是这样当军师的？” 王骁：“你就说赢没赢？” 曹操：“……”

崩坏星穹铁道+斩神+遐蝶+双女主+百合+团宠 「ooc+慢热+再次强调主角不是遐蝶连扮演都不是」 当林梦蝶发现自己穿越到斩神世界成为林七夜他妹时，湿婆怨的抹除也随之而来，九年奇迹终在一日成就半神。 梦境与现实来回交错，究竟躺在病床是现实还是那立于花海之上是现实。 当整个世界变成诸位星神的棋盘，众生将何去何从。 “死亡死亡睁开眼，梦该醒了”

给你一本小说的内容简介： 杨云枫车祸后成为了玄宗时期未发迹之时的杨国忠，这一切是否能够改变？ 美女、权利、地位尽在我手，名声也重要，改写奸相人生，打造千古名相！ 再给出一段话： 杨云枫不识草字，还真没看出来，这时听张旭如此一说，定睛看了看，这才发现，还真是自己那首送给王维与吴道子的诗词，但是此刻并不是说这些的时候，杨云枫看了一眼后，立刻伸手赞道：“伯高兄的草字真是越来越出神入化了……”说着转头对奥兰郁道：“郡主，你不是对中原文化一向颇有研究么？也过来看看伯高兄的字如何？” 张旭听杨云枫这么一说，不自觉的看向奥兰郁，这时不仅是兰郁，就连江采萍与宗露也走了过来，看着张旭的字，宗露先赞道：“张先生的字的确与洛阳时已经不可同日而语了，我听说人说，张先生的字精进都是从生活中所领悟，如此便已经深得二王精髓，实在乃是我大唐奇才啊！” 杨云枫暗暗冲着宗露伸出了大拇指，暗道莫非宗露也看出了张旭对奥兰郁的心思了不成？这时却听江采萍看着字画也是聚精会神，看了良久之后，这才赞道：“小女子在浙闽之时，就听闻洛阳草书圣手张伯高的名号了，但是张先生的真迹却是没见过，今日才有缘得见，真是三生有幸啊！” 杨云枫这时看了一眼正在看着张旭草字的奥兰郁，见她没有说话，这时对奥兰郁道：“郡主，只怕你有所不知，张伯的字再我大唐，那可是千金难求的，伯高兄的真迹不少，但是收藏之人都是视若珍宝，不肯示人，所以江姑娘也就难以看到珍品了……” 江采萍这时点了点头，道：“我在洛阳时，也曾买过杨公子的云枫社所出版的《女娲的眷顾》，至今还收藏在身呢……”说着看了杨云枫一眼，剩下的半句话也就没有说了，她时常看的只有杨云枫的诗句。请你帮忙