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第二语言学习者形态复杂词的加工机制 作者： 丛凤娇 1 陈宝国 1 作者单位： 1. 北京师范大学心理学部, 北京 100875 提交时间： 2023-03-28 摘要: 大多数语言中, 形态复杂词所占的比例很高。形态复杂词形-义映射的规律性使得读者不仅能直接从心理词典中提取整词语义, 还可以利用形态规则来建构词语的语义。研究发现, 母语者可以利用形态规则来加工复杂词, 但第二语言(二语)学习者的研究结果存在较大的分歧, 且表现出和母语者不一样的结果模式。基于补充学习系统理论和情景性二语者假设, 我们尝试提出了二语形态复杂词加工机制的观点, 并据此解释研究分歧出现的原因。未来的研究需要探究词汇形态家族大小等因素对二语形态复杂词加工的影响, 以及揭示二语形态复杂词加工的神经机制。 Abstract: Most languages of the world have a high proportion of morphologically complex words that are composed of two or more morphemes. When processing morphologically complex words, readers can choose to access the whole word meaning directly from the mental lexicon or to use morphological rules to construct the word semantics. Therefore, the exploration of the morphologically complex word processing mode could help us to promote the understanding of the language processing mechanism. In the past 30 years, the masked priming paradigm and lexical decision task have been widely used to study the mechanism of morphological complex words both in the first language (L1) and second language (L2) research. There is a consensus that native speakers could access the whole word meaning by combing morphemes, however, despite an increasing amount of second language research regarding this issue, the morphologically complex word processing mechanism for the late bilinguals who acquire the second language after the critical period (5 years old) is still in debate and shows a different pattern from native speakers. This mainly lies in two aspects: First, the morphological priming effect in the second language studies is very unstable, indicating that the ability of late second language learners to use morphological rules may be affected by many factors and the application of morphological rules is not as efficient as native speakers. Second, compared with native speakers, the late second language learners are more inclined to rely on the orthographic information than the morphological structure information in early word recognition, which is reflected by when the prime and target share the similar in orthography, there is no semantic competition between them to offset the promotion effect brought by the similarity of the orthography. Based on the Complementary Learning Systems account and Episodic L2 Hypothesis, the possible processing mechanism of L2 morphologically complex words is proposed and the divergence of previous L2 research is explained under this theoretical framework. We propose that different from native speakers, the late bilinguals mainly acquire the second language knowledge in an explicit way (i.e., classroom introduction), which may lead to the abstract morphological information in the neocortex is not formed. Therefore, when late second language learners process complex morphological words, the abstract morphological rules through the neocortical mechanism could not be used to promote the morphologically complex words’ processing, but a temporary morphological rule through the hippocampal mechanism could be involved in this process. Since the extraction of morphological rules through the hippocampus mechanism needs to be reconstructed and then real-time reconstruction of morphological rules takes a certain amount of time, which leads to the instability of the morphological priming effect and the lower efficiency of the application of the morphological rules. In addition, according to the Episodic L2 Hypothesis, for late second language learners, words are stored in the episodic memory system where these representations are irrelevant. Therefore, there is no competition at the meaning level between the prime and target when they are similar in orthography, which also explains why there is a significant from priming effect for the late L2 learners at least in lexical decision task. The evidence from the cognitive neuroscience area is needed to test the rationality of our hypothesis in the future. Secondly, eye movement techniques could be adopted in future research to investigate the processing mechanism of morphologically complex words for second language learners under more natural reading conditions. Finally, future research also needs to explore the influences of morphological family size on the processing of L2 morphologically complex words, as well as reveal the neural mechanism underlying L2 morphologically complex words. 二语学习者 形态复杂词 加工机制 形态规则 期刊： 心理科学进展 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.09874 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.09874V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00438 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.09874.V1 推荐引用方式： 丛凤娇,陈宝国.(2023).第二语言学习者形态复杂词的加工机制.心理科学进展.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00438 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-28 00:13:39 ChinaXiv:202303.09874V1 下载全文