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情绪词类型效应：区分情绪标签词和情绪负载词的行为和神经活动证据 作者： 史汉文 1 李雨桐 1 隋雪 1 作者单位： 1. 辽宁师范大学心理学院, 大连 116029 提交时间： 2023-03-28 摘要: 情绪标签词直接表达情绪状态, 而情绪负载词本身不表达情绪状态, 但能引发个体的情绪反应。通过对情绪标签词和情绪负载词的相关研究综述发现, 情绪标签词与情绪负载词的加工优势存在不一致的结果; 任务需求、语言类型和词汇特征是导致情绪词类型效应不一致的主要原因; 情绪标签词与情绪负载词的加工差异可以通过语义表征的具身假说、密度假说进行解释。未来研究应深入考察情绪标签词与情绪负载词加工差异的原因; 考察两种词在句子和语篇水平的加工差异; 提供能够直接解释情绪词类型效应的理论假说; 对比中英双语者加工中文和英文情绪标签词和情绪负载词的差异; 采用神经成像技术继续探查情绪信息与语义信息加工的神经机制。 Abstract: Recently, emotional word type has gathered a growing amount of research and has become a hot topic in the neuroscience of affective language. According to their functions, emotional words can be classified into emotion-label ones and emotion-laden ones. Emotion-label words are direct references to specific emotional states (happy, angry) or processes (worry, angry), and they function as the media either for describing emotions (she is sad) or for expressing emotions (I feel sad). They describe or express specific, single emotional states. Emotionally-laden words do not directly refer to or describe emotional states, however, they can evoke emotional feelings or emotional reactions (e.g., wedding, grave). Such words can be associated with multiple types of emotional meanings. Although both emotion-label words and emotion-loaded words can activate emotions and trigger emotional effects, they do not produce emotional effects in the same way. Although both emotion-label words and emotion-laden words can activate emotions and induce emotional effects, the way they produce emotional effects is not entirely equivalent. Emotion-label words can directly label specific emotions and thus generate emotional effects, while emotion-laden words elicit emotional effects indirectly by connecting related emotion-label words. Our review of the studies on these two types of words observed contradictory ideas about which type is stronger in expressing emotions. Some studies believe that emotion-label words are more powerful in laying emotional effects, while others hold that emotion-laden are stronger. An inconsistency exists among studies of the bilingual perspective. Put it in more detail, while there have been studies detecting advantaged processing of emotion-label words in both languages, some other studies claim that they can only find superior effects of emotion-label words in the dominant language. The results are also different in terms of different tasks. We made a conjecture that these contradictory results are related to three factors: task demands, language types, and lexical features. Two theories help explain the effect of emotional words. Lexical representation acquisition hypothesizes that the differences between emotional word types are due to the different experiential information and emotional experiences that children are exposed to when learning emotion-label words and emotion-laden words. We use this theory to explain the embodied account of semantic representation. The density hypothesis explained concerning lexical properties implies that emotion-label words and emotion-laden words have different storage densities and those dense stimuli will be processed faster than discrete ones. Further research should be conducted in the following four paths. The first one is to examine the cause of the differences between emotion-label words and emotion-laden ones. Secondly, we should examine the processing differences between the two types of emotional words at the sentence and discourse levels. Thirdly, theoretical hypotheses that directly explain the differences in word types are needed. Fourthly, we need a comparison of Chinese and English bilinguals in their procession of Chinese and English emotion-label words and emotion-laden. Finally, we are to investigate the neural mechanisms of processing emotional and semantic information using neuroimaging techniques. 情绪标签词 情绪负载词 情绪词类型效应 期刊： 心理科学进展 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.09699 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.09699V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.02696 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.09699.V1 推荐引用方式： 史汉文,李雨桐,隋雪.(2023).情绪词类型效应：区分情绪标签词和情绪负载词的行为和神经活动证据.心理科学进展.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.02696 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-28 00:13:47 ChinaXiv:202303.09699V1 下载全文

遇见贝拉前，爱德华已不记得一百多年来自己是第几次上高中，他唯一可以肯定的是，自己永远17岁，永远能听见他人心声，永远百无聊赖……这时，少女贝拉阳光一般出现，午夜的冷寂开始回暖，升温。 对贝拉的爱，爱德华不可抗拒、无法回避。但如果真像爱丽丝预言的那样，贝拉最终会因自己而死，或变成和自己同样的异类。爱德华又想放手。 每次牵手都纠结，每次拥抱都挣扎，每次亲吻都既甜蜜，又痛苦……面对贝拉的热烈、清澈和天真，爱德华的孤僻、忧惧和沧桑同时加剧。越甜蜜，越痛苦；越温暖，越危险；越痴迷，越忧惧。每一颗年轻之心都曾午夜，也都渴望阳光。 与《暮色》的“贝拉视角”相反，本书作品完全是“爱德华视角”，让既有的爱恨纠葛全然有了新解：男人眼中的爱情和女人眼中的爱情永远都不一样，这也许就是爱情本身永恒的魔力和魅力。

他现在用来充当实验品的《同桌很欠揍》幻卡是他刚刚买到手的。

【双体】+【性转】++【无限流】+【大学生活】+【校花学姐】+【全程姨妈笑】+【爽爽爽！】 江辞的大学生活平平无奇，直到他发现自己掌握了一项逆天能力—不定时性转各路美女身上！ 没女友？没关系！ 校花学姐就是我自己！ 想体验万众瞩目、被男神环绕的感觉？ 切个号就行！ 江辞想当班长？简单！ 大学辅导员竟是我自己！ 手握权限，暗箱操作，分分钟搞定！ 更离谱的是，当学姐的舍友热情地“押送”他去女澡堂时⋯ 江辞（童雪儿版）内心是崩溃的：“救命！学姐舍友逼着我洗澡！” 舍友说坏话？还是当着校花学姐的面？ 他不知道校花其实就是我自己吗！ 学姐舍友的小秘密？外联部部长？学霸学姐？秘密悄悄给我说？ 她不知道我真实身份是小学弟吗！ 还要硬着头皮替“自己”应付帅气多金学长的追求⋯江辞的直男灵魂在尖叫！ 左手是平凡男生的日常烦恼，右手是校花学姐的顶级配置与社死危机。 他能否玩转这双重身份，在荒诞与爆笑中，真正找到属于自己的路（和真爱）？ 当“我”无处不在，这大学校园生活，简直嗨（社）翻（死）天（不）了（断） …… 多年以后，江辞看着面前的莺莺燕燕突然陷入沉思，每个人都掌握着江辞的小秘密，身份证比命都长！

左莫还是想不通，《官路：权势滔天》不是什么高阶心法，哪怕修改一下，也不可能变成高阶心法

幻阵、杀阵、剑阵、绝阵、大阵、仙阵，构先天阵道。阴阳、三才、四象、五行、七星、八卦，衍诸天阵流。修神识证道，悟阵法飞仙。一念济天下，求道问长生。----------------------------

二话不说，开心挑了个靠窗的位置坐下，发散开《五竹自述》的灵觉，笼罩整条画舫，一边喝酒，一边担任起站岗放哨的职责

其他作品：《四合院：家破人亡？禽兽都去陪葬》、《深海之歌》、《穿成甜宠文里的炮灰少爷》 再给出一段话： “琉璃的珍贵，可以在西游记小说创作之中体现出来。

【极道推土机】+【肌肉暴君】+【克系修仙】 “我这人脾气特好，最喜欢跟女诡讲道理。” 穿越仙魔乱世，满天神佛以人为食，别人遇诡吓尿，方程遇诡口水狂飙！ “怪物？不，那是我的合成材料。” 【尸斑魔鱼】+【尸斑魔鱼】=【赤鳞焚血鲤】，一口吞下，气血如龙！ 【传国金印】+【绣魂丝】=【皇极·孽龙丝】，寄生皇女，把整座王朝化作养殖场！ 【人骨】+【厉鬼画皮】=【血浮屠】，体温飙升1600度，化身人形核弹！ 那夜，红衣仙子敲门论道。 方程身躯暴涨三米，背后浮现暗黑大日，反手捏爆她的天灵盖，满脸“核善”： “姑娘，听说你很凶？但我正好有点饿了。” 咔嚓！入口嘎嘣脆，鸡肉味！ 面对那些不可名状的古老存在，方程撕碎上衣，露出还在蠕动的狂暴背肌： “长生个屁！老子直接肉身成魔，通通给我进合成栏！”

唐三党勿进！！！】【主角光翎青鸾】 本以为在嘉陵关大战自爆后，我光翎会彻底陨落。但没想到上天再给了我一次机会，重生在了我六岁的时候，并于在二十年后，会毁掉武魂帝国的唐三相遇了。 重来一次，我光翎，定不会重蹈覆辙，定会守护好武魂帝国。 主角是武魂殿—供奉殿，前期抢唐三机遇，后期虐唐三，虐史莱克，虐玉小刚…