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同年，参演青春偶像剧《小老弟别怕》。

第二语言学习者形态复杂词的加工机制 作者： 丛凤娇 1 陈宝国 1 作者单位： 1. 北京师范大学心理学部, 北京 100875 提交时间： 2023-03-28 摘要: 大多数语言中, 形态复杂词所占的比例很高。形态复杂词形-义映射的规律性使得读者不仅能直接从心理词典中提取整词语义, 还可以利用形态规则来建构词语的语义。研究发现, 母语者可以利用形态规则来加工复杂词, 但第二语言(二语)学习者的研究结果存在较大的分歧, 且表现出和母语者不一样的结果模式。基于补充学习系统理论和情景性二语者假设, 我们尝试提出了二语形态复杂词加工机制的观点, 并据此解释研究分歧出现的原因。未来的研究需要探究词汇形态家族大小等因素对二语形态复杂词加工的影响, 以及揭示二语形态复杂词加工的神经机制。 Abstract: Most languages of the world have a high proportion of morphologically complex words that are composed of two or more morphemes. When processing morphologically complex words, readers can choose to access the whole word meaning directly from the mental lexicon or to use morphological rules to construct the word semantics. Therefore, the exploration of the morphologically complex word processing mode could help us to promote the understanding of the language processing mechanism. In the past 30 years, the masked priming paradigm and lexical decision task have been widely used to study the mechanism of morphological complex words both in the first language (L1) and second language (L2) research. There is a consensus that native speakers could access the whole word meaning by combing morphemes, however, despite an increasing amount of second language research regarding this issue, the morphologically complex word processing mechanism for the late bilinguals who acquire the second language after the critical period (5 years old) is still in debate and shows a different pattern from native speakers. This mainly lies in two aspects: First, the morphological priming effect in the second language studies is very unstable, indicating that the ability of late second language learners to use morphological rules may be affected by many factors and the application of morphological rules is not as efficient as native speakers. Second, compared with native speakers, the late second language learners are more inclined to rely on the orthographic information than the morphological structure information in early word recognition, which is reflected by when the prime and target share the similar in orthography, there is no semantic competition between them to offset the promotion effect brought by the similarity of the orthography. Based on the Complementary Learning Systems account and Episodic L2 Hypothesis, the possible processing mechanism of L2 morphologically complex words is proposed and the divergence of previous L2 research is explained under this theoretical framework. We propose that different from native speakers, the late bilinguals mainly acquire the second language knowledge in an explicit way (i.e., classroom introduction), which may lead to the abstract morphological information in the neocortex is not formed. Therefore, when late second language learners process complex morphological words, the abstract morphological rules through the neocortical mechanism could not be used to promote the morphologically complex words’ processing, but a temporary morphological rule through the hippocampal mechanism could be involved in this process. Since the extraction of morphological rules through the hippocampus mechanism needs to be reconstructed and then real-time reconstruction of morphological rules takes a certain amount of time, which leads to the instability of the morphological priming effect and the lower efficiency of the application of the morphological rules. In addition, according to the Episodic L2 Hypothesis, for late second language learners, words are stored in the episodic memory system where these representations are irrelevant. Therefore, there is no competition at the meaning level between the prime and target when they are similar in orthography, which also explains why there is a significant from priming effect for the late L2 learners at least in lexical decision task. The evidence from the cognitive neuroscience area is needed to test the rationality of our hypothesis in the future. Secondly, eye movement techniques could be adopted in future research to investigate the processing mechanism of morphologically complex words for second language learners under more natural reading conditions. Finally, future research also needs to explore the influences of morphological family size on the processing of L2 morphologically complex words, as well as reveal the neural mechanism underlying L2 morphologically complex words. 二语学习者 形态复杂词 加工机制 形态规则 期刊： 心理科学进展 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.09874 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.09874V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00438 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.09874.V1 推荐引用方式： 丛凤娇,陈宝国.(2023).第二语言学习者形态复杂词的加工机制.心理科学进展.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00438 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-28 00:13:39 ChinaXiv:202303.09874V1 下载全文

可人们却惊骇的发现，就是在这眨眼的功夫，何欢的身形已经从擂台的这一侧，到了另外一侧。 何欢身后，张晗惊愕的睁大眼睛，颓然的倒在地上。 也就是在他身躯倒地的一刻，他的身体从中间裂开，分为两瓣。 鲜血，内脏，绿色的胆汁，黄色的肠道垃圾，倾泻着洒落整个擂台。 回头望着张晗至死都没能闭上眼睛的尸体，何欢的眼中闪过一丝不屑之色。 “不自量力！”何欢冷冷的说道。 说过这话，他纵身跃下擂台，回归殷商国阵营。 从淘汰赛到晋级赛，擂台之上还是首次发生如此血腥的杀戮。 眼见着何欢杀人之后，神情未变，眼睛都未眨动，周遭诸人尽皆倒吸一口冷气。 那些同样打败了敌人，晋级下一轮的剑修，望着何欢的身影，眼中全都显露出一丝惊悸之色。 这一刻他们才真正明白，除去叶枫之外，殷商国还有一个他们同样惹不起的存在。 姜子唯这一次的对手，是一名剑王强者。 那名来自临风国的剑王强者，修炼的剑意乃是——烈火。 随着他挥舞宝剑，一道道兰州资源环境职业技术大学呼啸的火舌，笼罩了整个擂台。 置身火海之中，姜子唯感觉呼吸一阵困难，行动方面也逐渐缓慢下来。 最近数日，姜子唯始终在感悟剑意，可以他生性好动的性格，根本不可能安静的坐下来，更不可能在短期内感悟出剑意。 眼见着对方的剑意将自己压制得死死的，姜子唯感到一阵烦躁。 突然，他瞅准了对方下体露出一个空门，眼中不禁显露出一丝促狭的笑意。 高手争斗，女人的胸部与男人的下体，都是最不耻的攻击地方，凡是懂得脸面的人，都不会去攻击此地。 可也该着这名剑修倒霉，遇到的是真小人姜子唯。

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前世那一套《拒绝你表白，你找黑道千金同居？》的剑意，在他脑海里已经推演了不下千次。

四五名侍者抢上去来扶，帝尧一把将之推开，笑道：“都是你们瞎操心，老夫自幼兵戈征战，兰州资源环境职业技术大学沙场，即便老了，难道还经不起摔一跤么？

上辈子，方子期是华五高校理科博士。 这辈子，穿越到大梁农家！ 贫困的家，偷学的爹，偏心的爷，十次落榜的大伯…… 在这个万般皆下品惟有读书高的时代，方子期只能勒紧裤腰带走上科举路！ 六岁开蒙！ 八岁下场！ 十四岁科举及第！ 二十岁外放封疆大吏！ 收琉球！灭扶桑！征南洋！ 北逐蛮夷，胡马不敢饮黄河之水；南抚百越，瘴烟尽化桑麻之香！ 旌旗所指，草木皆识汉家法度；马蹄所至，沙石亦染华夏文章！ 方子期：“凡阳光所照之地，皆为我土！凡江河所至之处，皆为我臣！” “所谓我土，不止于舆图所载；所谓我臣，不限于编户之民！” “昔年全族以血肉铺路，助我踏过科举荆棘；今日臣持天子剑，当为大梁拓万里疆！” 皇上笑着问他要什么赏赐，方子期叩首：“臣别无所求，只求为家乡做点事 —— 比如，给当年陪着臣熬夜苦读的老黄狗，讨个‘御赐忠犬’的诰命牌，让它也风光风光！”

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这个世界，抽卡至上！ 每个人在18岁，都会获得一次抽卡转职机会。 有学渣抽中战斗类职业，从此一飞冲天。 有学霸抽中生活类职业，与战斗冒险无缘。 在这个抽卡的时代，抽出战斗职业，名为出金，世界将会奖励你再抽一次，重复职业将转化为命座。 然而，没有保底。 抽卡当天，张元抽中唯一隐藏性职业，剑阵师！ 奖励再抽一次！ 然后，出金、出金、再出金！ “一次抽卡，一个奇迹，一个满命！” 获得神级天赋，绝对幸运，抽卡时幸运MAX！ 我乃剑仙，所有伤害提升10倍！ 当别的职业者还在为了一把金色武器争得面红耳赤时，满精专武的张元又抽到一把专武。 欧皇：“张元，我今天抽到红色专武了！” 张元：“很好，那昨天呢？” 欧皇：“？”