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第二语言学习者形态复杂词的加工机制作者：丛凤娇 1 陈宝国 1 作者单位： 1. 北京师范大学心理学部, 北京 100875 提交时间： 2023-03-28 摘要: 大多数语言中, 形态复杂词所占的比例很高。形态复杂词形-义映射的规律性使得读者不仅能直接从心理词典中提取整词语义, 还可以利用形态规则来建构词语的语义。研究发现, 母语者可以利用形态规则来加工复杂词, 但第二语言(二语)学习者的研究结果存在较大的分歧, 且表现出和母语者不一样的结果模式。基于补充学习系统理论和情景性二语者假设, 我们尝试提出了二语形态复杂词加工机制的观点, 并据此解释研究分歧出现的原因。未来的研究需要探究词汇形态家族大小等因素对二语形态复杂词加工的影响, 以及揭示二语形态复杂词加工的神经机制。 Abstract: Most languages of the world have a high proportion of morphologically complex words that are composed of two or more morphemes. When processing morphologically complex words, readers can choose to access the whole word meaning directly from the mental lexicon or to use morphological rules to construct the word semantics. Therefore, the exploration of the morphologically complex word processing mode could help us to promote the understanding of the language processing mechanism. In the past 30 years, the masked priming paradigm and lexical decision task have been widely used to study the mechanism of morphological complex words both in the first language (L1) and second language (L2) research. There is a consensus that native speakers could access the whole word meaning by combing morphemes, however, despite an increasing amount of second language research regarding this issue, the morphologically complex word processing mechanism for the late bilinguals who acquire the second language after the critical period (5 years old) is still in debate and shows a different pattern from native speakers. This mainly lies in two aspects: First, the morphological priming effect in the second language studies is very unstable, indicating that the ability of late second language learners to use morphological rules may be affected by many factors and the application of morphological rules is not as efficient as native speakers. Second, compared with native speakers, the late second language learners are more inclined to rely on the orthographic information than the morphological structure information in early word recognition, which is reflected by when the prime and target share the similar in orthography, there is no semantic competition between them to offset the promotion effect brought by the similarity of the orthography. Based on the Complementary Learning Systems account and Episodic L2 Hypothesis, the possible processing mechanism of L2 morphologically complex words is proposed and the divergence of previous L2 research is explained under this theoretical framework. We propose that different from native speakers, the late bilinguals mainly acquire the second language knowledge in an explicit way (i.e., classroom introduction), which may lead to the abstract morphological information in the neocortex is not formed. Therefore, when late second language learners process complex morphological words, the abstract morphological rules through the neocortical mechanism could not be used to promote the morphologically complex words’ processing, but a temporary morphological rule through the hippocampal mechanism could be involved in this process. Since the extraction of morphological rules through the hippocampus mechanism needs to be reconstructed and then real-time reconstruction of morphological rules takes a certain amount of time, which leads to the instability of the morphological priming effect and the lower efficiency of the application of the morphological rules. In addition, according to the Episodic L2 Hypothesis, for late second language learners, words are stored in the episodic memory system where these representations are irrelevant. Therefore, there is no competition at the meaning level between the prime and target when they are similar in orthography, which also explains why there is a significant from priming effect for the late L2 learners at least in lexical decision task. The evidence from the cognitive neuroscience area is needed to test the rationality of our hypothesis in the future. Secondly, eye movement techniques could be adopted in future research to investigate the processing mechanism of morphologically complex words for second language learners under more natural reading conditions. Finally, future research also needs to explore the influences of morphological family size on the processing of L2 morphologically complex words, as well as reveal the neural mechanism underlying L2 morphologically complex words. 二语学习者形态复杂词加工机制形态规则期刊：心理科学进展分类：心理学 >> 社会心理学引用： ChinaXiv:202303.09874 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.09874V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00438 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.09874.V1 推荐引用方式：丛凤娇,陈宝国.(2023).第二语言学习者形态复杂词的加工机制.心理科学进展.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00438 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-28 00:13:39 ChinaXiv:202303.09874V1 下载全文

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【青春校园】+【日常温馨】+【抽象乐子】+【修罗场边缘反复横跳】+【玩梗】舒景明的成绩不太理想。这次英语考试只考了23分，最要命的是英语老师是他老妈。距离高考还有半年时间，意外激活了天赋词条系统。只要完成任务就能获得天赋词条，还能复制别人的天赋。校花，你的天赋真不错，下一秒它是我的了！年级第一，你那学神的天赋也拿给我用用吧！随着一个个天赋词条的获取，舒景明逐渐成为了大家眼里的天赋怪。不是哥们，都说行行出状元，怎么行行状元都是你啊？舒景明：“不知道啊，我见过很多天才，但是他们都叫我天才。” 高考还没到来，他就已经兑现天赋实现人生自由。在这个过程中，他的生活里还走进了各种各样的女生。傲娇的青梅，憨厚老实的天降，凭E近人的魅魔御姐。舒景明表示：出门在外，男孩子一定要保护好自己，因为太容易被女孩子盯上了！简介无力，请看正文。

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网络信息服务平台用户个人信息安全风险及其治理——基于117个APP隐私政策文本的内容分析 Users' Personal Information Security Risk and Governance on Network Information Service Platforms:Content Analysis Based on 117 App Privacy Policy Texts 作者：刘裕 1 周毅 2 农顔清 2 作者单位： 1. 苏州大学政治与公共管理学院苏州 215123 2. 苏州大学社会学院苏州 215123 提交时间： 2023-04-01 摘要: [目的/意义] 网络信息服务平台在为社会公众生产生活提供极大便利的同时,平台用户个人信息泄露问题也日渐严重,探析其中风险并有效治理是增强网络空间治理能力和推进治理体系现代化的重要抓手。[方法/过程] 通过对117个样本App平台隐私政策内容的聚类分析,梳理出用户个人信息安全的潜在风险类型。[结果/结论] 网络信息服务过程中第三方的小生态、网络信息服务平台的内生态、网络信息服务平台行业团体的外生态共同构成网络空间整体生态环境。提出从平台隐私政策制定、平台内控机制与第三方互动机制、政府治理主体作用发挥等方面加强用户个人信息安全风险治理的相关思路。 Abstract: [Purpose/significance] Network information service platforms provide great convenience for citizens’ life, however, the problem of users’ personal information security risk is increasingly serious, thus identifying and preventing risks are vital to enhance the governance capacity of network space and promote modernization of the governance system in cyberspace. [Method/process] Through cluster analysis on privacy policies of 117 sample Apps, this paper found out potential risk types of users’ personal information security. [Result/conclusion] This paper illustrates that the ecological environment of network space consists of the small ecology of the third party in the process of network information service, the internal ecology of network information service platforms, and the external ecology of network information service platform industry groups. According to that, this paper puts forward effective paths of personal information security risk governance form aspects of specifying platform privacy policies, regulating internal control mechanism of platforms and the interaction mechanism with the third parties, as well as playing the main role of government governance. 网络信息服务平台用户个人信息安全风险治理期刊：图书情报工作分类：图书馆学、情报学 >> 情报学引用： ChinaXiv:202304.00828 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202304.00828V1 ) doi:10.12074/202304.00828 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202304.00828.V1 推荐引用方式：刘裕,周毅,农顔清.(2023).网络信息服务平台用户个人信息安全风险及其治理——基于117个APP隐私政策文本的内容分析.图书情报工作.[ChinaXiv:202304.00828] 版本历史 [V1] 2023-04-01 15:51:23 ChinaXiv:202304.00828V1 下载全文

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两军阵前嗑瓜子

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