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失败恐惧的形成及对创业行为的影响 作者： 郝喜玲 1 刘依冉 2 杜晶晶 1 郑方 3 作者单位： 1. 安徽财经大学工商管理学院, 蚌埠 233030 2. 天津大学教育学院, 天津 300350 3. 天津财经大学商学院, 天津 300222 提交时间： 2023-03-28 摘要: 创业活动的高风险性和不确定性导致创业者时常体验失败恐惧。对于创业者而言, 失败恐惧亦敌亦友。已有研究较多关注失败恐惧对创业行为的抑制作用, 忽略了失败恐惧的形成及其对创业行为的激励作用。本研究基于情绪和认知属性分析创业情境下失败恐惧, 认为损失相关和暴露能力不足的创业事件可能诱发失败恐惧, 创业者的执念激情和预防定向能够诱发失败恐惧; 然后, 阐述失败恐惧对创业行为的3种不同影响：激励、抑制和压抑, 并考察创业环境特征对失败恐惧与创业行为的调节效用。本研究拓展了失败恐惧的应用范围和适用情境, 丰富心理学的情绪认知评价理论、情感事件理论和经典压力理论, 也为理解复杂多样的创业行为提供新视角, 深化创业心理与创业行为关系的理论认知。 Abstract: Entrepreneurship is an emotional journey that is companied with fear of failure. Fear of failure can be both an enemy and a friend. It has a dark side of discouraging entrepreneurs from carrying out entrepreneurial activities, and a bright side of motivating them to move forward. Despite mounting research on entrepreneurs' fear of failure, most studies focus on its inhibitory effect on entrepreneurial entry. Few studies pay attention to the facilitating role of fear of failure and how does it influence the key behaviors in the whole process of entrepreneurship. Based on the research gap, the study focuses on the following three research questions. (1) What induces entrepreneurs' fear of failure? (2) How does fear of failure affect entrepreneurial behavior? (3) What are the boundary conditions of fear of failure on entrepreneurial behavior? Following the core logic of Affective Events Theory, the study constructs the theoretical framework of 'entrepreneurial event entrepreneur -- fear of failure -- entrepreneurial behavior', and tries to explore this complex concept together with the insights from practice.This study aims to achieve four research goals. First, we explore the dimensions and contents of fear of failure in entrepreneurship context. From Cognitive Appraisal Theory, fear of failure is an emotional state results from the appraisal of the threats and possibility of failure in a specific situation. We thus capture this concept from two dimensions: sources of threats and ways of appraisal.Second, we investigate the different antecedents of fear of failure and explore how does it evolve in the process of entrepreneurship. According to the assumption of Classical Stress Theory, emotion is shaped simultaneously by the objective event and individuals’ subjective interpretation. We thus focus on two important factors to address the antecedents, i.e. entrepreneurial events such as loss-relevant event and low-capability-relevant event, and characteristics of entrepreneurs, such as entrepreneurs’ passion and ways of regulatory focus. In terms of entrepreneurial events, we propose that loss-relevant event and low-capability-relevant event positively affect fear of failure. In terms of entrepreneurs’ characteristics, we propose obsessive passion and prevention focus induce fear of failure, while harmonious passion and promotion focus inhibit fear of failure.Last but not least, we clarify how fear of failure relates to key entrepreneurial behavior. Existing studies had insufficient attention on the functional role of fear of failure. Endeavoring to start filling in this gap, this paper expounds three different effects of fear of failure on entrepreneurial behavior: incentive, inhibition and repression, looking at both the bright side and dark side of fear of failure. We further disentangle the boundary conditions of the relationship between fear of failure and entrepreneurial behaviors. In the micro level, when entrepreneurs get emotional support, the incentive effect of fear of failure on entrepreneurial behavior would be reinforced. When entrepreneurs get functional support, the inhibition and repression effect of fear of failure on entrepreneurial behavior would be mitigated. In the macro level, when the institutional environment is friendly and the cultural environment is more failure tolerant, the incentive effect of failure fear on entrepreneurial behavior will be increased and the inhibitory effect of failure fear on entrepreneurial behavior will be reduced.This study contributes to an emerging strand of literature on “entrepreneurial fear of failure” by looking deeply into the dimensions of this concept. It also offers novel perspective to understand entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial psychology by taking account into the functional role of fear of failure. The present research not only expands the application scope and applicable situation of fear of failure, but also enriches the Cognitive Appraisal Theory of Emotion, Affective Events Theory and Classical Stress Theory. It also tries to shed light on practice by accumulating knowledge on entrepreneurial education and offer suggestions for policy makers on managing entrepreneurial failure. 失败恐惧 创业认知 创业行为 创业事件 情绪认知评价理论 期刊： 心理科学进展 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.09658 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.09658V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.01551 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.09658.V1 推荐引用方式： 郝喜玲,刘依冉,杜晶晶,郑方.(2023).失败恐惧的形成及对创业行为的影响.心理科学进展.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.01551 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-28 00:13:49 ChinaXiv:202303.09658V1 下载全文

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更重要的是，在巴里迪勒休养的这一个多月的时间里面，荣少亨他们的玄霆娱乐可绝对不会闲着，到时候，选出电影参加奥斯卡角逐，然后筹备圣诞档电影大片，在电视集团方面，《伊兰昆达本场数据》与《我最爱的妈妈》可已经连续拍摄五六季了。

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安婳一朝穿到六十年代，成了某年代文男主的炮灰前妻。 前妻白富美大小姐出身，看不上泥腿子的文盲丈夫，作天作地要离婚奔向初恋的怀抱。 穿越而来的安婳：什么文盲？那叫根正苗红！泥腿子？分明是金光闪闪的金大腿！ 她果断带着儿子随军去了。 可到了部队后，她看着眼前，拳头捏起来像是能打死一头牛的威猛汉子，胆颤了。 这这这......他好凶啊！ 肖政娶了个高傲的城里媳妇，媳妇对他不屑一顾，嫌弃他到骨子里，他也看不惯对方的小资做派，两人的婚姻名存实亡。 可有一天，媳妇变了。 她会用软绵绵的眼神看他，“罐头盖子拧不开，帮我。” 她会娇滴滴向他撒娇，“不洗脚不能上床哦。” 她还会满脸崇拜地夸他：“你怎么那么厉害？什么都会做！” 肖政一身的钢筋铁骨，都融化在她的娇声软语中。 从此后大家才知道，凶巴巴的汉子宠起媳妇来，才是真的香。 【家长里短+爱情甜宠，非爽文。有空间，存在感不强。】

我也希望广大的网友，能去电影院支持，我的新片《小人物大言论》。

李维告诉他说，“而且还有足够的热水，你们应该也想要洗去这身肮脏的血污吧？” “烈酒和大肉就够了，留着你的热水吧，大鸟领主！” 听到洗澡的时候，壮猪露出了很明显的厌恶表情，他身后的那些兽人武士也都一样。“兽人咆哮武士从不洗澡，那会让我们身上的雄性味道变淡！” 李维苦笑着看着那些兽人武士彼此争论着谁身上的体味更浓，壮猪理所当然赢得了桂冠，得意洋洋的大声咆哮起来。“或许这才是兽人的生活吧。” 他有些感慨的想着，随后用力拔起骑士剑，然后归回剑鞘。兽人身上的恶臭体味彻底击败了他身上的疲惫，狮鹫领主现在只想远离这些又臭又吵闹的绿皮家伙。 在铁岩城的城墙上面，李维看到了罗德里格斯爵士，他正倚着一座巨大的兰州资源环境职业技术大学瞭望塔，用一块软布擦拭着星辰铁巨剑上面的血污，神情专注而宁静。从这个角度向上看去，漫天群星披落在他的肩膀上，咒世黑日宛如夜之主宰，李维屏住呼吸，原本要说的话也不知不觉咽了回去。 不过罗德里格斯爵士很快就发现了狮鹫领主的到来，“李维少爷。” 他站起身来，语气遥远而庄重，“那些骑兵部队已经撤走了。” 他说的是那些曾经在铁岩城外呼啸来去的骑兵部队，不过现在已经无影无踪，他们早在城墙内部的呐喊声逐渐平息的时候，就已经迅速撤离，除了制造出大量噪音之外一事无成。铁岩城厚重的包铁橡木大门上面留下了许多战斧和长剑劈砍的痕迹，不过连严重损伤都谈不上，如果他们有两天两夜的时间进行工作，或许可以撬开铁岩城的嘴巴，不过随后他们还要对付牙齿——堆积在城门口的几十吨砾石——才行。 “那些家伙真是自作自受。

不过当你听了《重生后，反手先追她绿茶闺蜜》中的十首经典歌曲，看到了这名歌手的舞台现场，励志、惊艳、柔情、深情等情绪会将你吞噬

【崩铁】+【直播】+【天幕】+【综漫】一道光幕跨越无数宇宙的屏障投射到诸天万界，被各个世界的原住民强势围观！当镜流把刃细细切做臊子时，鬼杀队的众人惊了！“我去这是什么呼吸法？冰之呼吸？”（某鬼王在角落里瑟瑟发抖）当黄泉在匹诺康尼一刀砍出奇观时，某舰船上一个叫芽衣的少女饭勺都拿不稳了。“她也叫芽衣？她也是雷属性？还有……她声音为毛和我一模一样啊？”不妙啊！总感觉接下来的画面会出现不能接受的超展开啊！