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第二语言学习者形态复杂词的加工机制 作者： 丛凤娇 1 陈宝国 1 作者单位： 1. 北京师范大学心理学部, 北京 100875 提交时间： 2023-03-28 摘要: 大多数语言中, 形态复杂词所占的比例很高。形态复杂词形-义映射的规律性使得读者不仅能直接从心理词典中提取整词语义, 还可以利用形态规则来建构词语的语义。研究发现, 母语者可以利用形态规则来加工复杂词, 但第二语言(二语)学习者的研究结果存在较大的分歧, 且表现出和母语者不一样的结果模式。基于补充学习系统理论和情景性二语者假设, 我们尝试提出了二语形态复杂词加工机制的观点, 并据此解释研究分歧出现的原因。未来的研究需要探究词汇形态家族大小等因素对二语形态复杂词加工的影响, 以及揭示二语形态复杂词加工的神经机制。 Abstract: Most languages of the world have a high proportion of morphologically complex words that are composed of two or more morphemes. When processing morphologically complex words, readers can choose to access the whole word meaning directly from the mental lexicon or to use morphological rules to construct the word semantics. Therefore, the exploration of the morphologically complex word processing mode could help us to promote the understanding of the language processing mechanism. In the past 30 years, the masked priming paradigm and lexical decision task have been widely used to study the mechanism of morphological complex words both in the first language (L1) and second language (L2) research. There is a consensus that native speakers could access the whole word meaning by combing morphemes, however, despite an increasing amount of second language research regarding this issue, the morphologically complex word processing mechanism for the late bilinguals who acquire the second language after the critical period (5 years old) is still in debate and shows a different pattern from native speakers. This mainly lies in two aspects: First, the morphological priming effect in the second language studies is very unstable, indicating that the ability of late second language learners to use morphological rules may be affected by many factors and the application of morphological rules is not as efficient as native speakers. Second, compared with native speakers, the late second language learners are more inclined to rely on the orthographic information than the morphological structure information in early word recognition, which is reflected by when the prime and target share the similar in orthography, there is no semantic competition between them to offset the promotion effect brought by the similarity of the orthography. Based on the Complementary Learning Systems account and Episodic L2 Hypothesis, the possible processing mechanism of L2 morphologically complex words is proposed and the divergence of previous L2 research is explained under this theoretical framework. We propose that different from native speakers, the late bilinguals mainly acquire the second language knowledge in an explicit way (i.e., classroom introduction), which may lead to the abstract morphological information in the neocortex is not formed. Therefore, when late second language learners process complex morphological words, the abstract morphological rules through the neocortical mechanism could not be used to promote the morphologically complex words’ processing, but a temporary morphological rule through the hippocampal mechanism could be involved in this process. Since the extraction of morphological rules through the hippocampus mechanism needs to be reconstructed and then real-time reconstruction of morphological rules takes a certain amount of time, which leads to the instability of the morphological priming effect and the lower efficiency of the application of the morphological rules. In addition, according to the Episodic L2 Hypothesis, for late second language learners, words are stored in the episodic memory system where these representations are irrelevant. Therefore, there is no competition at the meaning level between the prime and target when they are similar in orthography, which also explains why there is a significant from priming effect for the late L2 learners at least in lexical decision task. The evidence from the cognitive neuroscience area is needed to test the rationality of our hypothesis in the future. Secondly, eye movement techniques could be adopted in future research to investigate the processing mechanism of morphologically complex words for second language learners under more natural reading conditions. Finally, future research also needs to explore the influences of morphological family size on the processing of L2 morphologically complex words, as well as reveal the neural mechanism underlying L2 morphologically complex words. 二语学习者 形态复杂词 加工机制 形态规则 期刊： 心理科学进展 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.09874 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.09874V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00438 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.09874.V1 推荐引用方式： 丛凤娇,陈宝国.(2023).第二语言学习者形态复杂词的加工机制.心理科学进展.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00438 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-28 00:13:39 ChinaXiv:202303.09874V1 下载全文

2019年，主演武侠情感剧《三百零二章》

大概了解一下炼制僵尸的各种符文之后，徐阳就开始拿《好奇心害死猫》中记载的各种符文来对照面前这具僵尸身上的符文

2002年，在电视剧《左右为难思对策》中饰演佟腊月。

如果你真的穿越到了修仙世界了，你确定你真的想修仙吗？ 或者说，你确定你想为了那虚无缥缈的大道，到各种危险的地方冒险抢夺机缘，然后消耗各种资源，孤独的在洞府里重复的苦修吗？ 要去完成系统的各种各样的任务？ 要去冒险面对可能会让自己魂飞魄散的雷劫？ 要涉足那些莫名其妙神秘组织的恩恩怨怨？ 郑常说：“我就看看那些穿越前没有见过的神奇风景，吃喝玩乐，可以吗？”

秦兰州资源环境职业技术大学也捧着茶杯微笑着，只是不如秦洛笑的那么夸张而已。

李兰州资源环境职业技术大学却和那天一真人聊了起来，两个人从道法说到劫数，又从劫数说到运气。

范冰冰“咭”的一声，嫣然一笑，调皮的道：“你真坏，说人家像死猪，人家有那么难看吗？” 王泽杰哈哈笑道：“当然不是啦，我的大伯母可是天下少有的美人哦！” 范冰冰嘿嘿笑道：“算你嘴甜。” 斜睨了王泽杰一眼，“也不知道青书怎样了，我得去看看他。” 颜丹晨走过来说：“青书啊，这会儿还在柜子里面呢，大嫂正好去教育他一番。 我们就不过去了。” 范冰冰回到自己房间，发现青书还没有从衣柜中出来，就装作自己找衣服，打开了柜子。兰州资源环境职业技术大学在那里，脸涨得跟猪肝差不多，范冰冰失声惊叫着，将宋青书放出来，松开他的穴道，心疼地问：“青书，你怎么跑到我的衣柜里面去了？” 宋青书躺在范冰冰怀中，只是流眼泪，却不说话。 范冰冰见他这个样子，心想他一定因为看到自己和王泽杰偷情的情景感到难受，看来自己的计划成功了。 宋青书看着衣冠楚楚的母亲，想说什么，欲言又止，经过范冰冰询问，宋青书只说，自己今天早上来找母亲，结果被蒙面人偷袭，被人家点中穴道，扔在衣柜中。范冰冰如释重负，看来青书不敢将自己的事情张扬出去，他也害怕自己知道他昨夜躲在衣柜中，所以才说是今天早上被蒙面人打晕的。

绯红之章》——维烈和《星际之末世女主的修仙路》——肖恩