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《吴子兵法》，中国古代著名兵书，《武经七书》之一。相传战国初期吴起所著，战国末年即已流传。《吴子》继承和发展了《孙子兵法》的有关思想，在历史上曾与《孙子》齐名，并称为“孙吴兵法”，因而为历代兵家所重视。

现代社会，你告诉我那些奇珍异兽是真实存在的？ 我叫许愿，历经九年义务教育和三年不是人过的高中生活，脱颖而出考上了一所……烂的一批的大学。 本以为要开启四年摆烂躺平的大学生活。 入学第一个月就被两个当兵的给带到了天寒地冻的北极。 开启了……嗯，我奇幻又扯淡的抓龙生活…… 我叫许愿，我见过很多天才，可是他们都说我是天才。

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[爽文+打脸+甜宠]北城徐总，公认只可远观不可亵玩的高岭之花。 一直以来，纵横商场上的他，不畏冷言冷语，高傲矜贵的他却只对那女人上心。 他的权势，他的英俊，巴结讨好他的女人多如蝼蚁。 可他却洁癖得只准乔菲那女人上他的床。 第一次遇见那女人后这个权势滔天的男人便食髓知味变得占有欲超强的醋精。 【觉得节奏慢的可以直接看后期女主变强！！前夫工具人，女主身心干净！】

穿成反派的童年阴影(卖糖的唐)》一觉醒来，苏楣穿了一本古言小说，成为了书里的一个虐过反派奸臣但是最后被反杀的刁蛮世家女。 小说里的反派阴险偏执，残暴无...

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2014年，因在偶像剧《直播古玩城》中饰演阮清恬而崭露头角[1

主意已定，王泽杰轻松下来，打开电视机旁边的功放，调高音量，听出来是贝多芬的《利用红外相机监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区鸟兽资源》嗯，总算是有一共同爱好，对经历过人生巨变的人来说，这是首选，挺适合现在的自己

歌词对音乐情绪加工的影响：行为与ERP研究 作者： 张伟霞 1 王莞琪 2 周临舒 3 蒋存梅 3 作者单位： 1. 上海师范大学教育学院 2. 上海师范大学商学院 3. 上海师范大学音乐学院, 上海 200234 提交时间： 2023-03-27 摘要: 本研究探讨了歌词对音乐情绪加工的影响。实验1使用情感启动范式, 带有歌词与无歌词音乐片段为启动刺激, 与音乐情绪一致或不一致的面孔图片为目标刺激, 被试任务是既快又准确地判断目标面孔的情绪。结果显示, 无论音乐是否带有歌词, 听者在一致条件下的反应都比不一致条件更快更准确, 这表明听者能加工音乐传达的情绪信息。实验2进一步通过电生理手段探讨歌词影响音乐情绪加工的神经机制。研究结果显示, 尽管听者对带有歌词和无歌词音乐情绪的加工都产生了启动效应, 但是无歌词音乐条件在250~450 ms时间窗口产生了N400效应, 而带有歌词音乐条件在500~700 ms时间窗口诱发了LPC效应, 该结果表明, 歌词影响了大脑加工音乐情绪的时间进程。本研究结果将在一定程度上为音乐与语言关系的探究提供依据。 Abstract: Music and language are unique to the human beings. It has been suggested that music and language have a common origin as an emotional protolanguage. The development of socialisation has resulted in the development of language into a symbolic communication system with explicit semantics. By contrast, music has become an important means of emotional expression. However, whether language with explicit semantics affects the emotional processing of music remains uncertain. Given that songs contain melody and lyrics, previous behavioural studies have focused on songs to analyse the influence of lyrics on the processing of musical emotion. However, several studies have also shown the influence of lyrics, although such findings are relatively contradictory.Thus, the current study used behavioural and electrophysiological measurements to investigate the impact of lyrics on the processing of musical emotion. Experiment 1 analysed whether the emotional connotations in music with and without lyrics could be perceived by listeners at the behavioural level. Experiment 2 further investigated whether there are different neural responses to emotions conveyed by melodies with and without lyrics.A cross-modal affective priming paradigm was used in Experiments 1 and 2, in which musical excerpts served as the prime and emotional faces as target. To avoid the impact of familiarity, 120 musical stimuli were selected from European opera. Each was sung by a vocalist with and without lyrics, thereby resulting in 240 musical stimuli in two versions as potential prime stimuli. A total of 160 facial expressions affectively congruent or incongruent with the preceding musical stimuli were selected as potential target stimuli. Three pre-tests were conducted to ensure the validity of the stimuli. Eventually, 60 musical stimuli for each music version were selected as the prime stimuli, whilst 120 images were used as the target stimuli, thereby resulting in 240 music-image pairs. To ensure that each stimulus appears only once for each participant, two lists were prepared using a Latin square design. Each prime and target was presented in either the congruent or incongruent condition within each list. Thus, each list comprised 120 trials, with 30 trials in each condition. During the experiment, the two lists were equally distributed across the participants. A total of 40 healthy adults participated in Experiment 1. They were asked to judge as quickly and accurately as possible whether the emotion of the target was happy or sad. The accuracy and reaction time were collected. Meanwhile, 20 healthy adults participated in Experiment 2. They were required to judge whether the emotion between music and image was congruent or incongruent whilst their EEG waveforms were recorded. ERPs were analysed and compared between conditions at the time windows of 250~450 ms and 500~700 ms after the onset of the target.The Experiment 1 results showed that when faces were primed by music either with or without lyrics, the participants responded faster and more accurately under affectively congruent condition compared with affectively incongruent condition. This finding indicated that the emotional connotations in music with and without lyrics could both be perceived. The ERP results in Experiment 2 showed that distinct neural mechanisms were activated by music with and without lyrics. Specifically, when faces were primed by music without lyrics, a larger N400 was elicited in response to affectively incongruent pairs than to affectively congruent pairs at the time window of 250~450 ms. However, when faces were primed by music with lyrics, a more positive LPC was observed in response to the affectively incongruent pairs than to the affectively congruent pairs at 500~700 ms. This finding confirms the results of Experiment 1, thereby suggesting that the emotion conveyed by music with and without lyrics could be perceived by the listeners. Moreover, the emotional processing between music with and without lyrics differs in the time course of neural processing. That is, the emotional processing of music with lyrics lagged behind that of music without lyrics.In conclusion, the present results suggest that the neural processing of emotional connotations in music without lyrics preceded that of music with lyrics, although the emotional connotations conveyed by music with and without lyrics could both be perceived. These findings also supported theory of musical philosophy, which suggests that music without lyrics can express emotion more immediately and more directly than music with lyrics owing to the lack of “translation” from the propositional system. On the other hand, considering that lyrics influenced the time course of emotional processing in music with lyrics, our results also provide evidence that the emotional processing of music and language may share neural resources to some extent. 音乐情绪 语言 歌词 N400 LPC 期刊： 心理学报 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.08577 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.08577V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01346 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.08577.V1 推荐引用方式： 张伟霞,王莞琪,周临舒,蒋存梅.(2023).歌词对音乐情绪加工的影响：行为与ERP研究.心理学报.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01346 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-27 16:00:26 ChinaXiv:202303.08577V1 下载全文