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预测性对快速读者和慢速读者词汇加工的影响 作者： 张慢慢 1,2,3 胡惠兰 2 张志超 2 李鑫 2 汪强 1,2,3 白学军 1,2,3 臧传丽 1,2,3 作者单位： 1. 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院 2. 天津师范大学心理学部 3. 学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室 通讯作者： 白学军 Email:bxuejun@126.com 臧传丽 Email:zangchuanli@163.com 提交时间： 2022-06-27 摘要: 本研究借助眼动仪通过两个实验考察了熟练阅读中快速读者与慢速读者对语境预测性的利用是否有差异。实验1比较快速组与慢速组在中央凹加工高、低预测词的差异。实验2对比两组利用副中央凹预视（相同、相似假字、低预测词和不相似假字）加工高预测词的差异。实验1结果显示两组读者有相似的预测性效应：对高预测词的注视时间比低预测词更短。实验2结果显示两组的预视效应存在差异：慢速组在相同预视下对目标词的跳读率高于低预测预视，而快速组在两种预视下的跳读率差异不明显但高于慢速组；慢速组在低预测和不相似预视下注视目标词的时间分别长于相同预视，而快速组的这两种效应较小。结果表明，两组读者利用预测性的差异表现在副中央凹加工阶段，即慢速读者比快速读者利用相似预视激活预测性信息的效率更低，且在低预测或无效预视下对词汇的识别和语义整合更困难，这说明慢速读者在词汇加工中更依赖语境且对无关信息的抑制更弱。这些结果支持词汇质量假说。 Abstract: According to the lexical quality hypothesis, high proficient (fast) readers have well-specified lexical representations which enable automatic word identification and less context decoding (Andrews, 2015; Perfetti, 2007), while low proficient (slow) readers rely on context for word identification during reading due to their imprecise lexical quality. In contrast, the predictive coding framework assumes that high proficient readers rely more on their reading experience to predict the upcoming context compared to low proficient readers (Hawelka et al., 2015). However, it is still unclear how skilled readers with different levels of reading proficiency rely on context information (e.g., predictability) for word processing during Chinese reading. In two experiments, the present study aimed to investigate individual differences in the use of predictability for word identification by using the eye-tracking technique. In Experiment 1, eye movements of fast and slow readers were recorded while they were reading sentences containing predictable or unpredictable target words, with the aim to investigate the differences in predictability effects between the two groups. Sixty pairs of predictable-unpredictable target words were selected, each of which was embedded into the same sentence frame. Fifteen fast and 15 slow readers, selected from a group of 66 participants based on their reading rates, participated in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, parafoveal previews of the 60 predictable target words (identical word, visually similar pseudocharacter, unpredictable word or visually dissimilar pseudocharacter) were manipulated by using the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) to explore how parafoveal preview influences processing of predictability information in the fast and slow readers. The eye movements of 20 fast and 20 slow readers, selected from a group of 80 participants on the basis of their reading rates, were recorded while they were reading sentences containing predictable target words with different previews in Experiment 2. The results showed that fast readers fixated shorter and less on the target words and were more likely to skip the target words than slow readers. In Experiment 1, although reliable predictability effects with shorter fixations for predictable than unpredictable words were found, it did not interact with reading groups. However, results in Experiment 2 showed robust parafoveal preview effects on the target word which interacted with reading groups. In particular, the two groups had the same first-pass fixation times (i.e., FFD, SFD, GD) at the target words under the identical previews, while slow readers made longer fixations than fast readers at the targets with unpredictable previews or unrelated previews. In addition, fast readers skipped target words at a similar probability under both the identical preview and unpredictable preview conditions, while slow readers were less likely to skip target words with unpredictable previews than identical previews. The current findings indicate that fast and slow readers rely on context to a similar degree during their foveal lexical processing whereas the two groups show different utilization of previews of the predictable word during their parafoveal processing. To be specific, compared to fast readers, slow readers are inefficient in activating the predictable word with a visually similar preview; moreover, slow readers are disturbed more by the unpredictable preview or the visually dissimilar preview for their lexical processing, which suggests that slow readers are less effective in suppressing unrelated or inappropriate information during reading. Such findings provide evidence for the lexical quality hypothesis (Perfetti, 2007) and are in support of the linguistic-pro?ciency hypothesis related to individual differences in the E-Z reader model (Reichle et al., 2013). 预测性 中央凹加工 副中央凹预视 快速读者 慢速读者 中文阅读 来自： 张慢慢 分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202206.00179 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202206.00179V1 ) doi:10.12074/202206.00179 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202206.00179.V1 推荐引用方式： 张慢慢,胡惠兰,张志超,李鑫,汪强,白学军,臧传丽.(2022).预测性对快速读者和慢速读者词汇加工的影响.中国科学院科技论文预发布平台.[ChinaXiv:202206.00179] 版本历史 [V1] 2022-06-27 18:21:11 ChinaXiv:202206.00179V1 下载全文

以《史记》笔法，融合手游王者荣耀，讲女娲创世、帝俊搅局，述长城、稷下等阵营故事，写李白、铠等英雄传奇，补暗影、方舟谜团，兼具史书厚重与游戏趣味，为王者大陆绘就史诗长卷。

左莫觉得把墓碑版《终极一家之纠缠的黑白界》丢到一边，这么没有效率的方法，只是浪费时间。

可冯志却好像没有知觉一下，被踹倒在地的时候依旧直直地看着陆睿，嘴里重复道：“靠，肯定是靠！这两个人说的是findthecoal！” 陆睿心中猛然一惊，脚下微微有些踉跄，顾不得地上掉落的碗碟，半跪在地上，拉着冯志的手问道：“你确定，是靠？” 第056章 出大事了 “靠！” 虽然贺家镇比较闭塞，但是《刀子嘴豆腐心》在华夏流行已经好几年了，这句骂人的话大家是都懂得的，众人发现陆睿蹲在地上跟冯志一样重复着那个字的时候，都愣住了。 一旁的蔡晓霞还以为陆睿二人得了失心疯，刚想说话就看到陆睿猛然间站了起来，拍着冯志的肩膀道：“小志，要是这件事成了，你就等着全镇老少爷们给你作揖吧！” 所有人都呆住了，陆睿这话说的可重，小志论身份不过是镇政府一个打杂的，说起来还是靠着马向东的关系进来的，此时陆睿这么对他说话，连刚刚脸色不错的贺聚宝都楞住了。 回头看着四周被自己碰倒的餐桌，陆睿微微有些歉意的一笑，却没理会这些东西，而是用满是油渍的手拉着贺聚宝的衣袖，用颤抖的声音说道：“老书记，咱们，咱们发了！咱们发财了！” 贺聚宝一呆，看着陆睿急道：“你小子，疯了吗？这个时候还跟我打什么哑谜，有话快说，有屁快放！” 顾不得渐渐围拢过来的旁人，陆睿趴在贺聚宝的耳边，嘴里用只有两个人能够听到的声音说道：“老书记，咱贺家镇有煤矿，有那种能烧的煤矿！” “啥！？” 贺聚宝整个人猛然间瞪大了眼睛，看着陆睿说道：“小陆，你可别乱说，这事容不得马虎！

（芜湖～有没有宝宝在追的呀呀呀呀，能不能多多评论，有什么意见都可评论哟～每一条我都会看～哼哼） 简介：皇上，你害的世兰好苦啊，重活一世，是华贵妃，亦是年家的女儿，更是年世兰。 肆意张扬又如何！恃宠生娇又如何，这一世，丢掉了对胤禛的爱，我年世兰不必伪装，我本就是年家的女儿，本就擅长武术，精通诗词歌赋。心思玲珑聪慧，小时候还跟府里的府医学过很长时间的医术，医术了得。这一世，什么堕胎药，红花，休想再近本宫的身。我要护年家一世无余，稳固朝堂的位置，让年家成为朝堂上无人可挡的坚石！另外，前世背叛我的，害过我的，我一个也不会放过。 （主线cp是我爱的宜世，但是重生以后的小年糕真的很难不让人不爱，所以，宜修会有很多情敌，第一次写，写到哪里算哪里，喜欢的宝就当图个乐子，不喜欢也没关系，“本宫”文笔不好！只是看完了所有的宜世！断粮了，才想着自己写。嘿嘿😁

……入室翻检，妇号童啼，仁人义士忍气吞声，敢怒不敢言，自此津人皆称王通为鬼，可止小儿夜啼……” ——无名氏散抄 “……那城门刚打开，王通对空拜了三拜，起身之后抓着一把纸人纸马，吐了口罡气在上面，喝了一声‘疾’，纸人纸马都化做青面獠牙的妖兵妖将，四散而去，你道怎地，船头香乃是佛祖莲花宝座前点的不灭金香，不灭了城内的香，他王通就要现出原型……” ——《梦幻西游之超级签到》第四卷《回到最爱的一天》 六月初二这天，天津卫城门打开之后不到一个时辰，王通手下的天津锦衣卫五个营和两个预备营在军将的带领下，直接把船头香在天津城内的三个院子团团围住。

十年前，连续三日的血月过后，鬼怪、神明、异瞳、怪谈......接连到来。 当神秘与诡秘降临于人间。 当恐怖与绝望行走于大地。 作为人类，我们是该跪地俯首，还是该痛哭流涕，亦或是......拔刀而出？ 这是一个崭新的时代。 而这个时代——属于超凡者！ 推开超凡的大门，苏白见到了一个新的世界。 而这不是一个善良的世界。 从来不是。 ps：雨落出品，必是精品，先加书架，等我超神。

承蒙大家厚爱，《另起炉灶》小说现已连载结束！

在她心里，像陆羽这种没事私闯女更衣室的等徒浪子，怎么可能欣赏得了《今晚不让你哭》这般高雅的爱情艺术？