电竞牛体育投注

多元语言文化对个体情境下与社会情境下认知转换功能的差异性影响——来自锡伯族的证据 作者： 郭人豪 1 王婷 1 张积家 1 作者单位： 1. 中国人民大学心理学系、国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地、教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地, 北京 100872 提交时间： 2023-03-27 摘要: 多民族国家由多个民族和族群组成。个体处于各种民族关系或族群关系中, 需要与其他民族或族群的人协作。“西迁”使我国的锡伯族分居于新疆和东北, 走上了不同的发展道路。新疆锡伯族处于多元语言文化中, 不仅保留了本民族的语言和文字, 也汲取了周边民族的语言文化营养; 而东北锡伯族则与汉族融合, 逐渐失去了本民族的语言和文字, 转用汉语和汉字。采用经典认知转换任务和联合认知转换任务, 对比新疆锡伯族和东北锡伯族在个体情境下和社会情境下的认知转换功能差异, 探讨多元语言文化对个体情境下与社会情境下认知转换功能的影响。结果发现, 在个体情境下, 新疆锡伯族的转换代价更小; 在社会情境下, 新疆锡伯族的联合机制更容易被激活, 他们分配认知资源去表征同伴的任务, 自我-他人的整合程度更高, 转换代价更大。整个研究表明, 多元语言文化对认知转换功能具有不同的影响：促进个体情境下的认知转换功能, 降低社会情境下的认知转换功能。本研究的结果为多民族国家的文化和心理建设提供了重要启示。 Abstract: Humans are quintessentially social, yet much of cognitive psychology has focused on the individual, in individual settings. The literature on joint action is one of the most prominent exceptions. Joint-action research studies the sociality of our mental representations by examining how the tasks of other people around us affect our own task performance. Executive functions are a family of general-purpose cognitive processes that allow us to regulate cognition. The main executive functions are inhibition, shifting, and updating of working memory. Growing evidence suggests that executive functions can be automatically activated in non-social contexts as well as social ones. It is necessary to test whether people automatically engage in doing the tasks their partners do even when it requires executive functions. The Xibe is one of the ethnic groups in China, mainly inhabits Liaoning, Jilin, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The “westward migration” separated the Xibe in Xinjiang and Northeast China and embarked on different development paths. Xibe living in Xinjiang is in a multilingual culture, which not only retains the Xibe language (part of the Tungus-Manchu group of the Altaic phylum), but also absorbs the language and culture of the surrounding ethnic groups, such as the Uigur and Kazak. While the Northeast Xibe merges with the Han ethnic group and gradually loses their own ethnic culture and language. The present study investigates the influence of multi-language and multi-culture on social cognitive function, using a task-switching paradigm to examine one of the core executive functions, which is switching. In Experiment 1, the classical cognitive switching task was conducted to compare cognitive flexibility between the Xingjiang Xibe and the Northeast Xibe. Participants performed either a parity task (odd or even) or a magnitude task (bigger or smaller than 5), according to the frame around the number (diamond or square). The results showed that Xingjiang Xibe have smaller switch costs in the RT measure and greater accuracy. Experiment 2 employed socially relevant stimuli (faces) to tap into the switching flexibility between 2 types of categories (age and gender) and replicated the cognitive benefits of Xingjiang Xibe. These results showed that Xingjiang Xibe has the switching flexibility advantage in individual setting. Experiment 3 compared the switching flexibility of Xingjiang and Northeast Xibe using task-switching paradigm. A switching task was distributed between two participants. Each participant performed only one of the tasks, and did nothing on the trials of the other. In the social condition, two participants shared a computer. Each performed his task on his trials, and did nothing on the trials of the other participant. In the solo (control) condition, there was only one participant, who passively viewed the stimuli when it was not his turn. There were evident switch costs in the social condition and Xingjiang Xibe showed bigger switch costs compared with the Northeast Xibe, which meant they were more automatically engaged in this joint-action situation. It might be argued that, in the social condition, participants were distracted by the presence of a partner, or that they were sometimes uncertain about whose turn it was, and these factors lowered their efficiency. These costs are referred as turn-taking costs. In order to address this issue, Experiment 4 isolated turn-taking costs from task-switching costs by adding a condition in which two participants took turns, but they performed an identical task. This condition didn’t result in switch costs, indicating that costs in Experiment 3 should be interpreted as switching costs. Experiment 5 applied eye test to further prove that Xingjiang Xibe had strong individual tendency to understand the others’ intentions. In summary, the results showed that multilingualism and multiculturalism have different effects on cognitive switching function, positive effect in individual context and negative effect in social context. The results of this study provide important inspiration for the construction of a multi-ethnic country. 新疆锡伯族 东北锡伯族 联合行动 认知转换功能 期刊： 心理学报 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.08659 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.08659V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01071 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.08659.V1 推荐引用方式： 郭人豪,王婷,张积家.(2023).多元语言文化对个体情境下与社会情境下认知转换功能的差异性影响——来自锡伯族的证据.心理学报.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01071 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-27 16:00:22 ChinaXiv:202303.08659V1 下载全文

SF轻小说提供逝日环小说在线阅读,逝日环讨论服务

明朝末年间，豪侠壮士除险恶，恶人为了想得到玄铁神剑，出手狠毒，阴谋诡计，仗势欺人，引起了武林中各派英雄豪杰出手相助，志同道合，联手共谋策略，除恶扬善，为天下苍生普度众生。

“穿书七零：我有一栋百货大楼”是作者金克丝的救赎的优质作品，书籍的主角是林安徐婉宁，您可以在书旗小说在线免费阅读《穿书七零：我有一栋百货大楼》的全部内容。

【已完结】【可能ooc】【自娱自乐作品】【作者玻璃心】【无金手指】【慢节奏】【架空背景】【新书评分低】【含义忍，锖菰，蛇恋等等副CP，注意避雷】 （简介无力，请移步正文） 最最最最最最最最重要的一点！！这就是一个厨力作品，经不起什么推敲的，家人们求放过ヘ(_ _ヘ)（不过有问题的地方还是感谢家人们的纠正了，谢谢你们让这篇文变得更好了٩(๑ᵒ̴̶̷͈᷄ᗨᵒ̴̶̷͈᷅)و） 战国时期，继国家族威名显赫，一年，继国夫人朱乃诞下双生子，父亲决意培养哥哥为继承人将次子送往寺庙。 为了家族之间的联姻，源千玲被送往继国家作为家主继承人的妻子来培养。 月华散落于黑夜，微弱的光却照亮前路，温柔的月光是否又一次照在了你的身上。

小西天封不了真大圣，假把式练出个真神仙。当今一切真法都已沉寂，世间再无任何超凡异术。可当深入精神世界时，一切都有了新的变化。张唯凭借绝症带来的属性面板，借假修真，破开生死，追逐长生。“其实世界…

李mm再下楼时，脚上蹬着凉鞋，露出圆润的脚指头，修长的牛仔裤衬托出那让人发狂的线条，上身是一件很俏皮的HeLLO-KeTTY半袖T恤，然后……外套胸罩！那件看着很眼熟的带蕾丝边的胸罩箍在李师师身上，像网游里宣传画上的性感女妖，再举个叉子什么的就更神似了。 我的脑袋直接掉在茶几上还弹了几下，打死我也想不明白为什么古人都有内衣外穿的癖好，李师师智商起码150以上，她看到我的反应后转个身子审视着自己，问：“有什么不对吗？” 我只好把双手虚扣在胸前，结巴道：“这个……是穿在里面的。” 李师师把胸罩拿下来，疑惑地研究了一下，喃喃说：“难怪这么紧（看来她要比包子大一号）。”这才意识到我还在场，“啊”了一声，红着脸匆匆跑上楼。 剩下我一个人其实挺郁闷的，首先我意识到我跟刘老六是树欲静而风不止（用在这很合适）的关系，我永远不知道他会不会在下一秒就出现，身后跟着谁。 其次，这回我很难跟包子交代，我还没想到该怎么介绍李mm给她，别看她对李师师不错，那是因为她对外人一向如此，我甚至都怀疑如果有人要杀她全家，那人只要不是我，她都能笑脸相迎。我得承认我这人对漂亮女性有时候会产生一些龌龊想法，但我保证那只是想法而已，包子的威慑力像一个无数倍于卡巴斯基的病毒防火墙，能把我那些想法扼杀在摇篮之中。她用很自然平和的语气告诉过我，我要是敢对不起她，马上就会成为有资格练《怪怪原始人》的现代第一人，我们有理由相信她有这样的能力和信心。

周序出轨的第三年，久违的系统再度出现，告诉我可以回家了。 最后的十天，我不再和他争吵、撕扯。 任由他夜不归宿地陪在金丝雀身边。 也任由他将我在意的东西送给金丝雀。 离开那天，是我的生日。 他带着金丝雀冲进来，打翻我的蛋糕，掐着我抵在窗边。 质问我为什么要害他们的孩子。 “你什么时候也变得这么恶毒了？” 我笑了，却懒得再解释一句。 “对，我就是这么恶毒。” “所以，你和她好好过吧。” 然后在他的注视下，翻身跳下了十九层。 终结了我在这个世界的一切。

穿越修仙世界，成为修仙家族沈氏家族族长的几十个儿子之一，为了避免成为家族内部斗争的牺牲品，沈长川主动谋求外放偏远之地，远离漩涡。带着一个能看到修炼术法进度的进度条面板，从最普通的基础法术金刺术开始，证道成仙。