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外语焦虑、紧张情绪与认知负荷对外语说谎的影响：来自中-英双语者的证据 作者： 张积家 1 陆禹同 1 张启睿 2 张金桥 3 作者单位： 1. 中国人民大学心理学系、国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地、教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地, 北京 100872 2. 中国人民公安大学法学与犯罪学学院, 北京 100038 3. 暨南大学华文学院, 广州 510610 提交时间： 2023-03-27 摘要: 采用错误陈述范式探究中-英双语者用母语和外语说真话和说谎时的认知神经差异, 涉及外语焦虑、认知负荷和说谎诱发的紧张情绪。对P200和CNV观察发现：(1)中-英双语者用英语说真话的P200波幅比用母语大, 说明被试用英语说话时受外语焦虑情绪影响; (2)中-英双语者用英语说谎与说真话的P200波幅无显著差异, 但用母语说谎和讲真话的P200波幅差异显著, 说明被试用外语说谎没有用母语说谎诱发的紧张情绪大; (3)中-英双语者说谎时的CNV波幅比说真话时大, 说明被试说谎比说真话的认知负荷更大; (4)中-英双语者用英语说谎时的CNV波幅比用汉语说谎时大, 说明被试用外语说谎比用母语说谎产生了更大的认知负荷。相关分析表明, 英语熟练程度是影响中-英双语者用母语和外语说谎时的认知神经差异的重要变量。 Abstract: Lying is a common social behavior. When people lie, they are affected by many factors, such as cognitive load and nervousness. Therefore, people act differently when they are lying. Similar to lying, there are also differences in cognitive load and emotions when people speak their native language or a foreign language. When people are speaking a foreign language, the cognitive load and foreign language anxiety are greater than speaking their native language, especially for those with lower proficiency. Therefore, these factors might influence or interact with lying in speaking native or foreign languages. Former studies which observed skin conductance and pupil size have found that comparing to lying in their native language, there are more lying features when people lie in a foreign language. The current study aims to explore the differences in neural mechanism between Chinese-English bilinguals lying in Chinese and English, and focuses on the effects of two specific factors: cognitive load and emotion.The study of 34 Chinese-English bilinguals adopted the misstatement paradigm. During the experiment, participants were required to describe the pictures in Chinese and English on the screen according to the “truth” or “lie” instructions. The accuracy and EEG data were collected for analysis. Two ERP components were found in the study: P200 and CNV (Contingent Negative Variation). P200 is a positive potential that appears at around 200 ms after the stimulus is presented, and is often considered related with emotional arousal. In this study, P200 was used as an indicator for early anxiety. Larger P200 indicates greater anxiety. CNV occurs around 1000 ~ 1500 ms after the emergence stimulation. Larger CNV reflects heavier cognitive load and can be an indicator of lying. By observing P200 and CNV, the results are as follow: (1) Comparing with speaking Chinese, there was a lager P200 when Chinese-English bilinguals speak English, which indicated that speaking a foreign language aroused anxiety; (2) The P200s were not significantly different when lying and telling truth in English. However, the P200s were significantly different when lying and telling truth in Chinese, which indicated that comparing with speaking the native language, the tension induced by lying is not as great as speaking a foreign language; (3) Chinese-English bilinguals showed greater CNV when lying than telling truth, which suggested that lying contained heavier cognitive load than telling truth; (4) There was a larger CNV when Chinese-English bilinguals lied in English than in Chinese, which indicated that lying in a foreign language brought heavier cognitive load; (5) The results of correlation analysis showed that English proficiency was an important variable that affected those differences when lying in both native and foreign languages. The current study suggested that both cognitive load and emotion affected lying behavior in either the native or foreign language. Lying brings heavier cognitive load than telling truth, and lying in a foreign language brings heavier cognitive load than in the native language. Moreover, people are more anxious when speaking a foreign language than their native language, no matter when they are lying or telling truth. Foreign language anxiety takes so much cognitive load that the tension caused by lying is not significant when people lie in foreign language. Further research is suggested focusing more on the contribution and interactions of the factors which have effects on the process. 外语 母语 说谎 认知负荷 外语焦虑 紧张情绪 期刊： 心理学报 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202303.08643 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202303.08643V1 ) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00861 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202303.08643.V1 推荐引用方式： 张积家,陆禹同,张启睿,张金桥.(2023).外语焦虑、紧张情绪与认知负荷对外语说谎的影响：来自中-英双语者的证据.心理学报.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00861 版本历史 [V1] 2023-03-27 16:00:23 ChinaXiv:202303.08643V1 下载全文

【慢热+异世界+半无敌+多女主】 【重复一遍，不是单女主！！！！】 勇者在速通异世界之后没有了攻略，只能退休了。 没有开后宫、只有打败boss的结局也能算大结局吗？ 什么？你说你喜欢我？不可能吧？喂喂喂，有杀怪攻略，有没有恋爱攻略啊！ （ps：以上的剧情纯属胡扯，作者更多的是想展示一个真实的异世界，以便您穿越以后能有一个比较好的就业指导，本书剧情比较慢热，而且反正不可能是单女主展开）

张星峰已经看到了那白色的火焰，对于火他一点都不怕，他本身就是火属性的，而且他现在又修炼《容色无边》，而且到了那边，这些冰之精还敢过来吗

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说来也巧，这本书正是《小哭包、告状精》，书里所载的都是鬼神之说，正合他胃口

【病娇+强制爱+无系统+轻松搞笑+追夫火葬场】 吃别人的，穿别人的，住别人的！还能往家里送钱！ 苏卿豪言壮语：谈感情多伤钱啊！ 身为职业舔狗，只提供情绪价值，你出钱，我哄你开心！ 最后被抓住时。 苏卿哭唧唧：穷怕了，我是一分钱都没敢花啊！实在不行，我把钱都还你…… 病娇笑靥如花：谈钱多伤感情啊，我不要钱，我只要你～

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与其躺平摆烂，老爹死了后连一块瓦也分不到，活着还要看嫡子脸色，不如干票…《金融法草案首次提请全国人大常委会会议审议》是一片雪饼精心创作的历史类小说。

如果早知道这样，他肯定不会参加这一次的《我家后苑那棵树他成了精》录制。 但事已至此，再后悔也没有丝毫用处，找出击败对手的弱点，并击败对方，才是目前自己最应该做的事情。因此，在接下来一番采访和游戏互动过后，王力宏苦苦冥思，最终，他还真找到了能够打击王泽杰的机会。 “力宏是美国伯克利音乐学院的博士学位，并且还拿到了十级钢琴证书，他的特长，就是改编和创作曲目……”舞台上，谢娜笑着说：“所以，接下来的环节，就是考验力宏现场编曲的时候了，为了保证节目组没有作弊，我们将会在全场观众中，随机抽出一位幸运观众来。 只要你说出自己最喜欢的歌曲，那么，我们力宏就将会为你选出的这首歌，量身进行作曲改编！” 灯光湛蓝的舞台上，一架漆黑的流光钢琴摆在正中央。王力宏安静的坐在钢琴前，在所有人的注视下，轻轻的抬起左手，优雅而缓慢的按下了第一个黑键。 咚的一声闷响。 紧接着，王力宏的右手部分的黑白键开始飞速的被敲响。整个演播厅瞬间便安静下来，只剩下优美、高雅而华丽的钢琴声在空中幻化成一个个七彩音符，汇入听众们的耳中。 这一刻，王力宏纤细的手指，在黑白键之上，快的只剩下一道道手影。